| Journal: | Journal of epilepsy and clinical neurophysiology |
| Database: | PERIÓDICA |
| System number: | 000299018 |
| ISSN: | 1676-2649 |
| Authors: | Maia, Maria Goretti Lima1 Caboclo, Luís Otavio Sales Ferreira Carrete-Junior, Henrique Garzon, Eliana Sakamoto, Americo Ceiki Yacubian, Elza Marcia Targas |
| Institutions: | 1Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Unidade de Pesquisa e Tratamento das Epilepsias, Sao Paulo. Brasil |
| Year: | 2005 |
| Season: | Dic |
| Volumen: | 11 |
| Number: | 4 |
| Pages: | 163-169 |
| Country: | Brasil |
| Language: | Portugués |
| Document type: | Artículo |
| Approach: | Aplicado |
| English abstract | OBJECTIVES: Extreme spindles were described by Gibbs and Gibbs in 1962. They are typically observed in children younger than five years, occurring in 0.05% of normal children and in up to 5 to 18% of children with mental retardation or cerebral palsy. In this study we describe the clinical and neurophysiological characteristics of five children with extreme spindles, correlating these findings to neuroimaging data, obtained in magnetic resonance imaging of the brain. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eight patients from the children epilepsy outpatient clinic at UNIFESP were initially included, who had extreme spindles in at least one electroencephalogram (EEG) examination. Five out of these eight were selected, since they had MRI of the brain available for analysis. RESULTS: The age of the children varied from two to 15 years. The five children had mental retardation, and three presented associated motor deficits. All had epilepsy; in three children seizures were controlled with antiepileptic drugs, but in two they were considered refractory to medical treatment. In one patient only the MRI of the brain was considered normal. In the other cases, the findings were: bilateral pachygiria, diffuse brain atrophy, right occipital lesion, and bilateral frontal atrophy. The frequency of extreme spindles varied form 8.9 to 16 Hz, and amplitude from 67 to 256 µV. In three patients, frontal fast activity was observed along with extreme spindles. CONCLUSIONS: Extreme spindles are seldom observed in normal children, but may be quite frequent among those with mental retardation or cerebral palsy. They are probably not related to epilepsy, though in our series all children had epilepsy as well as mental retardation. Diagnostic investigation of these children with MRI of the brain showed that extreme spindles may occur either in children with defined structural abnormalities or in those with normal neuroimaging examination, suggesting that this specific electroencephalographic .. |
| Portuguese abstract | OBJETIVOS: Fusos Extremos (FE) foram descritos por Gibbs e Gibbs em 1962. São tipicamente observados em crianças menores de cinco anos, ocorrendo em 0,05% de crianças normais e em 5 a 18% das crianças com retardo mental ou paralisia cerebral. Nesse estudo, descrevemos as características clínicas e neurofisiológicas de 5 pacientes com FE, correlacionando esses achados com os aspectos de neuroimagem, através de exame de ressonância magnética (RM) de encéfalo. PACIENTES E MÉTODOS: Foram selecionados inicialmente oito pacientes do ambulatório de epilepsia infantil da UNIFESP, que apresentavam fusos extremos em pelo me-nos um exame de eletroencefalograma (EEG). Dos oito, foram selecionados cinco (três do sexo feminino) que tinham RM de encéfalo disponível para análise. Foram verificados as características clínicas, o desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor e os achados neurofisiológicos, bem como os achados da RM de encéfalo. RESULTADOS: A idade dos pacientes variou de 2 a 16 anos. Os cinco pacientes apresentavam déficits cognitivos, e três apresentavam déficits motores associados. Todas as crianças tinham diagnóstico de epilepsia, sendo que em três as crises estavam controladas com drogas antiepilépticas (DAE) enquanto em dois, eram refratárias ao tratamento clínico. Em apenas um paciente a RM foi normal. Nos demais, os achados foram: paquigiria bilateral, atrofia cortical difusa, lesão focal occipital direita e atrofia frontal bilateral. A freqüência dos FE variou de 8,9 a 16 Hz, a amplitude de 67 a 256 µV. Em três pacientes, além dos FE foi.. |
| Disciplines: | Medicina |
| Keyword: | Diagnóstico, Neurología, Epilepsia, EEG, Resonancia magnética, Deficiencia mental, Parálisis cerebral |
| Keyword: | Medicine, Diagnosis, Neurology, Epilepsy, EEG, Magnetic resonance, Mental retardation, Cerebral palsy |
| Full text: | Texto completo (Ver HTML) |
