High density of defoliated tomato plants in protected cultivation and its effects on development of trusses and fruits



Document title: High density of defoliated tomato plants in protected cultivation and its effects on development of trusses and fruits
Journal: Horticultura brasileira
Database: PERIÓDICA
System number: 000295956
ISSN: 0102-0536
Authors: 1


Institutions: 1Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul. Brasil
Year:
Season: Sep
Volumen: 20
Number: 3
Pages: 485-489
Country: Brasil
Language: Inglés
Document type: Artículo
Approach: Experimental, analítico
English abstract Tomato fruit setting on high density defoliated tomato plants with similar leaf area index was determined in three environmental conditions, inside polyethylene tunnels. Experiment 1 was carried out in autumn when average solar radiation received by the crop was 8.0 MJ m-2 day-1. Average external temperature was 18.1ºC. Experiments 2 and 3 were conducted in spring, when average external temperature was 19.7ºC. In experiment 2, average solar radiation received by the crop was 12.4 MJ m-2 day-1, whereas in experiment 3 it was reduced to 5.9 MJ m-2 day-1 by a 52% shading net. Plants were grown in bags, spaced 1.0 m between row and 0.3 m within row bags distance, using 5.5 L of a commercial substrate. Nutrients and water were supplied by means of a nutrient solution, delivered daily in order to replace volumes lost by transpiration. Treatments consisted of one (T1), two (T2) and three (T3) plants per bag, leading to plant densities of 3.3, 6.7 and 10 plants m-2, respectively. In T1, three leaves per sympod were kept, with a ratio of 3:1 between number of leaves and inflorescences per sympod. In T2, two and one leaf was kept respectively on two consecutive sympods, alternatively on both plants. The ratio between number of leaves and inflorescences was 3:2. In T3, with three plants per bag, only one leaf per sympod was kept on each plant. The ratio between number of leaves and inflorescences was 3:3. In all experiments, the number of trusses per area in T2 and T3 was two and three times higher than in T1, respectively. The number of fruits per unit ground area was lower in T1 plants and similar in T2 and T3 plants in the first experiment, whereas in the second and third experiments similar values were observed among treatments. Results indicated that tomato plants adjust the number of fruits, and exceeding flowers are aborted. The use of a plant density of 6.7 plants m-2 combined with a 3:2 ratio between number of leave
Portuguese abstract O número de frutos em plantas de tomateiro cultivadas em alta densidade e com índice de área foliar similar mantido através de desfolhamento foi determinado em três condições ambientais, no interior de túneis de polietileno. O experimento 1 foi conduzido no outono, com radiação solar média recebida pela cultura de 8,0 MJ m-2 dia-1 e temperatura média exterior de 18,1ºC. Os experimentos 2 e 3 foram conduzidos na primavera, com temperatura média exterior de 19,7ºC. No experimento 2, a radiação solar média recebida pela cultura foi de 12,4 MJ m-2 dia-1, enquanto no experimento 3 foi reduzida para 5,9 MJ m-2 dia-1 por meio de uma tela com 52% de sombreamento. As plantas foram cultivadas em sacolas, com 1,0 m entre fileiras e 0,3 m entre sacolas, enchidas com 5,5 L de substrato comercial. Nutrientes e água foram fornecidos via solução nutritiva, de forma a repor os volumes perdidos pela transpiração. Os tratamentos consistiram de uma (T1), duas (T2) e três (T3) plantas por sacola, correspondendo a densidades de 3,3; 6,7 e 10 plantas m-2, respectivamente. Em T1, três folhas por simpódio foram mantidas, com uma proporção de 3:1 entre o número de folhas e de inflorescências, em cada simpódio. Em T2, duas e uma folha foram mantidas respectivamente em dois simpódios consecutivos, alternativamente em ambas as plantas da sacola. A relação entre o número de folhas e de inflorescências foi de 3:2. Em T3, com três plantas por sacola, somente uma folha por simpódio foi mantida, com uma relação de 3:3. Em todos os experimentos, o número de inflorescências por unidade de área em T2 e T3 foi duas e três vezes maior que em T1, respectivamente. O número de frutos fixados por área de solo foi menor em T1 e similar em T2 e T3 no primeiro experimento, enquanto no segundo e terceiro experimentos valores similares foram observados entre os tratamentos. Os resultados indicaram que as p
Disciplines: Agrociencias
Keyword: Hortalizas,
Fisiología vegetal,
Jitomate,
Lycopersicon esculentum,
Inflorescencias,
Frutos,
Defoliación
Keyword: Agricultural sciences,
Vegetables,
Plant physiology,
Tomato,
Lycopersicon esculentum,
Inflorescences,
Fruits,
Defoliation
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