Sinaptogénesis y desarrollo de la morfología dendrítica de neuronas piramidales en la neocorteza del chimpancé parecidos a los de los humanos



Título del documento: Sinaptogénesis y desarrollo de la morfología dendrítica de neuronas piramidales en la neocorteza del chimpancé parecidos a los de los humanos
Revue: Ludus vitalis
Base de datos: CLASE
Número de sistema: 000405325
ISSN: 1133-5165
Autores: 1
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Instituciones: 1George Washington University, Washington, Distrito de Columbia. Estados Unidos de América
2Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Departamento de Neurociencias, Mount Sinai, New York. Estados Unidos de América
3University of Texas, Departamento de Ciencias Veterinarias, Austin, Texas. Estados Unidos de América
4Georgia State University, Instituto de Neurociencias, Atlanta, Georgia. Estados Unidos de América
5Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan. Estados Unidos de América
6Northwestern University, Departamento de Antropología, Evanston, Illinois. Estados Unidos de América
7Colorado College, Departamento de Psicologia, Colorado Springs, Colorado. Estados Unidos de América
Año:
Volumen: 21
Número: 40
Paginación: 177-197
País: México
Idioma: Español
Tipo de documento: Artículo
Enfoque: Analítico, descriptivo
Resumen en inglés Neocortical development In humans is characterized by an extended period of synaptic proliferation that peaks in mid-childhood, with subsequent pruning through early adulthood, as well as relatively delayed maturation of neuronal arborization In the prefrontal cortex compared with sensorimotor areas. In macaque monkeys, cortical synaptogenesis peaks during early infancy and developmental changes in synapse density and dendritic spines occur synchronously across cortical regions. Thus, relatively prolonged synapse and neuronal maturation in humans might contribute to enhance­ment of social learning during development and transmission of cultural practices, including language. However, because macaques, which share a last common ancestor with humans ~25 million years ago, have served as the predominant comparative primate model in neurodevelopmental research, the paucity of data from more closely related great apes leaves unresolved when these evolutionary changes in the timing of cortical development became established in the human lineage. To address this question, we used immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, and Golgi staining to characterize synaptic density and dendritic morphology of pyramidal neurons in primary somato­sensory (area 3b), primary motor (area 4), prestriate visual (area 18), and prefrontal (area 10) cortices of developing chimpanzees (/Pan troglodytes/). We found that synaptogene- sis occurs synchronously across cortical areas, with a peak of synapse density during the juvenile period (3-5 y). Moreover, similar to findings in humans, dendrites of prefrontal pyramidal neurons developed later than sensorimotor areas. These results suggest that evolutionary changes to neocortical development promoting greater neuronal plasticity early in postnatal life preceded the divergence of the human and chimpanzee lineages
Disciplinas: Biología,
Psicología
Palabras clave: Etología,
Zoología,
Psicología clínica,
Evolución,
Ontogénesis,
Chimpancés,
Neuronas,
Sinapsis,
Biología celular,
Humanos
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