Neurosarcoidosis: guidance for the general neurologist



Document title: Neurosarcoidosis: guidance for the general neurologist
Journal: Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria
Database: PERIÓDICA
System number: 000345746
ISSN: 0004-282X
Authors: 1
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Institutions: 1Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Sao Paulo. Brasil
Year:
Season: Abr
Volumen: 70
Number: 4
Pages: 293-299
Country: Brasil
Language: Inglés
Document type: Artículo
Approach: Experimental, aplicado
English abstract Neurosarcoidosis (NS) more commonly occurs in the setting of systemic disease. The diagnosis is based on a clinical history suggestive of NS, presence of noncaseating granulomas, and supportive evidence of sarcoid pathology, laboratory, and imaging studies. NS could involve any part of the nervous system and often demands high doses of steroids for symptom control. It presents low response to isolated steroids administration and frequently requires immunosuppressive agents. In NS, lymphocytes are polarized toward an excessive Th1 response, leading to overproduction of TNF-alpha and INF-gama, as well as lL-2 and IL-15. Infliximab, a chimeric monoclonal antibody that neutralizes the biological activity of TNF-alpha, is a new option in the NS treatment. We revised pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic work up, and treatment of NS as guidance for the general neurologist
Portuguese abstract A neurosarcoidose (NS) ocorre frequentemente no contexto de doença sistêmica. O diagnóstico é baseado na história clínica sugestiva de NS, presença de granulomas não-caseosos e achados anatomopatológicos, laboratoriais e radiológicos de sarcoidose. A NS causa manifestações neurológicas variadas, que apresentam, em geral, baixa resposta ao corticoide isoladamente e, portanto, necessitam uso de imunossupressores. Na NS, os linfócitos estão polarizados para resposta Th1 excessiva, levando à produção aumentada de TNF-alfa e IFN-gama, assim como IL-2 e IL-15. Infliximabe, um anticorpo monoclonal quimérico que neutraliza a atividade biológica do TNF-alfa, é uma nova opção no tratamento da NS. Revisou-se a fisiopatologia, as manifestações clínicas, o diagnóstico e o tratamento da NS para orientar neurologistas gerais
Disciplines: Medicina
Keyword: Farmacología,
Neurología,
Terapéutica,
Neurosarcoidosis,
Manifestaciones clínicas,
Diagnóstico diferencial,
Metotrexato,
Azatioprina,
Ciclofosfamida,
Infliximab
Keyword: Medicine,
Neurology,
Pharmacology,
Therapeutics,
Neurosarcoidosis,
Clinical manifestations,
Differential diagnosis,
Methotrexate,
Azathioprine,
Cyclophosphamide,
Infliximab
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