| Revista: | Investigaciones geográficas - Instituto de Geografía. UNAM |
| Base de datos: | PERIÓDICA |
| Número de sistema: | 000429517 |
| ISSN: | 0188-4611 |
| Autores: | Casado Izquierdo, José María1 Sánchez Salazar, María Teresa1 |
| Instituciones: | 1Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Geografía, Ciudad de México. México |
| Año: | 2019 |
| Periodo: | Ene-Abr |
| Número: | 98 |
| País: | México |
| Idioma: | Español |
| Tipo de documento: | Artículo |
| Enfoque: | Analítico, descriptivo |
| Resumen en español | La investigación aborda las principales transformaciones experimentadas por el empleo en la minería mexicana a lo largo de las últimas décadas en el contexto de las reformas neoliberales. Se evidencia el auge que la minería mexicana ha experimentado de la mano de la gran empresa minera metálica y sus repercusiones tanto en la reconfiguración espacial del empleo minero y su actual distribución como en la dinámica salarial, en la que se profundizan las importantes diferencias entre la gran minería metálica y la pequeña y mediana minería. Estas profundas disparidades se reflejan también en el incremento de la subcontratación y de la eventualidad laboral en la gran minería metálica como mecanismos de captación de trabajadores, y también en la mayor dependencia de las remuneraciones respecto del reparto de utilidades, todo lo cual refleja el éxito alcanzado por la gran minería en el desarrollo de sus estrategias de flexibilización del trabajo |
| Resumen en inglés | This article describes the profound transformations of employment in the Mexican mining sector after the adoption and implementation of several neoliberal legal reforms at the end of the 20th century, ranging from the privatization of state-owned mining companies and mineral reserves to the new Mining Act of 1992, and the important inflow of Canadian capital favored by these legal reforms as well as by the signing of the North American Free Trade Agreement. This, along with the rising international prices of metals, particularly gold, led to a boom of Mexican mining, involving a boost of employment led by large metal mining companies. The analysis of these transformations, summarized below, is based on official statistics for a period of 25 years, from 1988 to 2013. These data are displayed in various tables, graphs and maps that support the assertions and conclusions reached, allowing a quick and easy reading and interpretation of the information presented. The growing dominance of large metal mining companies led to a critical spatial redistribution of the mining employment in the country, which experienced a boom since the mid-2000, led by gold, copper, and silver mining. The expansion of large metal mining companies in areas of Sonora, Zacatecas, and Durango was paralleled by a crisis of small and medium-sized mining, resulting in the extinction of the mining activity in various municipalities across the country. This crisis affected large non-metal mining in specific sectors and areas (the coal crisis in north Coahuila and the extinction of the sulfur mining in southeast Veracruz), but also small and medium-sized metal mining given the high investments required by the new production model: open-pit mining. Thus, while metal mining comprises increasingly larger companies in terms of their number of workers, small and medium-scale mining was virtually confined to non-metal mining, which underwent an atomization process, i.e., an increasing number of sm |
| Disciplinas: | Geografía |
| Palabras clave: | Geografía económica y regional, Minería, Empleo, Neoliberalismo, México |
| Keyword: | Economic and regional geography, Mining, Employment, Neoliberalism, Mexico |
| Texto completo: | Texto completo (Ver HTML) Texto completo (Ver PDF) |
