Hepatitis B in pregnancy: a concise review of neonatal vertical transmission and antiviral prophylaxis
Título del documento: Hepatitis B in pregnancy: a concise review of neonatal vertical transmission and antiviral prophylaxis
Revista: Annals of hepatology
Base de datos: PERIÓDICA
Número de sistema: 000415004
ISSN: 1665-2681
Autors: 1
1
1
1
Institucions: 1Vancouver General Hospital, Diamond Health Care Centre, Vancouver, Columbia Británica. Canadá
Any:
Període: Mar-Abr
Volum: 13
Número: 2
Paginació: 187-195
País: México
Idioma: Inglés
Tipo de documento: Artículo
Enfoque: Analítico, descriptivo
Resumen en inglés Hepatitis B is a chronic viral infection of the liver leading to complications including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The leading cause of acquisition is vertical transmission from an infected mother to the newborn. Despite newborn immunoprophylaxis, vertical transmission may still occur in 1-14%. The aim of this article is to provide a concise review of the mechanisms and risk factors involved in vertical transmission, as well as prophylactic strategies using immunoprophylaxis and antiviral medications. Mechanisms of vertical transmission include intrauterine and perinatal transfer of virus. High HBV viral load and presence of HBeAg increases risk of transmission. Combination vaccine and hepatitis B immunoglobulin given at birth reduces risk of transmission, as does HBIG given to mothers in the third trimester. Three antivirals have been studied in pregnancy: lamivudine, telbivudine, and tenofovir. All have shown significant reduction in viral loads and vertical transmission and have favorable safety profiles. In conclusion, HBV vertical transmission is preventable through use of immunoprophylaxis and antiviral medications. Recommendation for antiviral use in third trimester in mothers whose HBV VL is greater than 1 x 106 copies/mL
Disciplines Medicina
Paraules clau: Gastroenterología,
Ginecología y obstetricia,
Terapéutica,
Hepatitis B,
Embarazo,
Transmisión vertical,
Profilaxis,
Carga viral,
Lamivudina,
Telbivudina,
Tenofovir
Keyword: Medicine,
Gastroenterology,
Gynecology and obstetrics,
Therapeutics,
Hepatitis B,
Pregnancy,
Vertical transmission,
Prophylaxis,
Viral load,
Lamivudine,
Telbivudine,
Tenofovir
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