| Journal: | Investigaciones geográficas - Instituto de Geografía. UNAM |
| Database: | PERIÓDICA |
| System number: | 000396774 |
| ISSN: | 0188-4611 |
| Authors: | Lanza Espino, Guadalupe de la1 Salinas Rodríguez, Sergio Alberto1 Carbajal Pérez, José Luis1 |
| Institutions: | 1Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Biología, México, Distrito Federal. México |
| Year: | 2015 |
| Season: | Ago |
| Number: | 87 |
| Pages: | 25-38 |
| Country: | México |
| Language: | Español |
| Document type: | Artículo |
| Approach: | Analítico, descriptivo |
| Spanish abstract | El cálculo del caudal fluvial necesario para mantener los servicios ambientales de los diferentes tipos de cuenca en los ríos de México, ha sido un elemento a cumplir en la Norma Mexicana, lo que permite una adecuada administración del recurso hídrico. Para dicho cálculo se han propuesto diferentes metodologías, una de las cuales por su sencillez es la hidrológica, requiriendo para ello una base de datos de escurrimientos que permitan determinar el volumen de agua necesario para las funciones de los ecosistemas. Con base en lo anterior, el objetivo de este estudio fue estimar dicho caudal en el río Piaxtla, Sinaloa. Para ello se compararon bases de datos de escurrimientos de 36 y nueve años que mostraron diferencias fundamentalmente entre la frecuencia de las máximas avenidas y sus orígenes, lo que recomienda contar con base de datos mayores a veinte años; sin embargo, en el cálculo inal del caudal ambiental los resultados fueron semejantes, es decir, reservar del volumen total del escurrimiento el 62.1% considerando un lapso de 36 años de estudio y 57.7% tomando en cuenta nueve años de información |
| English abstract | he calculation of river lows necessary to maintain the environmental services of the diverse river basins in Mexico has been an element to be considered in complying with the Mexican Norm and in allowing an adequate administration of water resources. Several methods have been proposed for this calculation, among which a very simple one is a hydrological method that requires a data base on runof to determine the volume of water that ecosystem functions need. Hydrological methodology proposed by the NMX cited above, provides guidelines for establishing a regime as a percentage of average annual runof and it is assumed maintain biological attributes at certain levels of conservation. It also analyzes the regime of seasonal normal low for wet hydrological conditions, socks, dry and very dry, and the system of avenues (considered as the sudden increase in the volume and speed of the current in a river due to runof resulting from rain cyclical or extraordinary, it is also known as looding), considering at least three categories of avenues (intra-annual, annual and interannual low magnitude of average size) with corresponding attributes of magnitude, duration, frequency, time of occurrence and rate exchange. For greater certainty calculation it will always be necessary to have records in the three levels of a basin. his level of analysis is to determine the inal volume of ecological low, considering the benchmark to achieve the previously deined environmental objective. For ecological calculation referred by the NMX, some fundamental aspects were considered, such as: ecology importance (which ranks among very high, high, medium and low based on the concepts of the rule itself); use pressures (determined as the ratio percentage of the volume allocated over the concession between the annual average availability basin or aquifer, determined as high ≥ 80%, ≥ 40% high, medium and low ≥ 11% ≤ 10%) |
| Disciplines: | Geografía, Geociencias, Biología |
| Keyword: | Geografía física, Hidrología, Ecología, Caudal hídrico, Reservas de agua, Cálculo de escurrimientos, Servicios ambientales, Río Piaxtla, Sinaloa, México |
| Keyword: | Geography, Earth sciences, Biology, Physical geography, Hydrology, Ecology, River flow, Water reservoirs, Runoff calculation, Environmental services, Piaxtla river, Sinaloa, Mexico |
| Full text: | Texto completo (Ver PDF) |
